《海洋预报》| ERA5再分析资料在黄海北部海域的可靠性分析

摘要：基于漂浮式激光雷达实测数据，对辽宁省丹东某海域再分析数据集的100 m单层风场数据开展比对评估。结果表明：ERA5数据 100 m 高度的风速和风向产品与实测数据整体相关性较好。非降水时段的数据准确性优于降水时段，偏北风方向风场数据的准确性优于偏南风方向风场数据。不同等级风速条件下，ERA5数据集在低风力等级下的误差相对较大，中高风力等级下的精度相对较高；且风速数据产品在中高风力等级下普遍存在低估实际风速的现象。风向数据产品在各风速等级下均与实际风向存在偏差，偏离幅度大多在0°～20°之间。不同风向条件下，降水时段偏西南风方向的风速产品偏差较大，其余风向条件下的风速偏差较为稳定；非降水时段ERA5数据集在各风向上的精度明显优于降水时段，但该数据集对偏东风向的反演精度始终较低。

关键词：ERA5再分析资料 可靠性 100 m风场 漂浮式测风激光雷达 

Abstract：In this paper, the floating LiDAR measured data is used to evaluate the reanalyzed single-layer 100 m wind field data in an offshore area of Dandong, Liaoning Province. The results show that the overall correlation of the 100 m wind field between the ERA5 data and the measured data is good. The accuracy during nonprecipitation periods is better than that during precipitation periods, and the accuracy of winds in the northerly direction is better than that in the southerly direction. Under different wind speed conditions, ERA5 has a higher error at low wind speed levels, while the accuracy is relatively higher at medium and high wind speed levels. The wind speed data generally underestimates the actual wind speed at medium and high wind speed levels, while consistently exhibits deviations from the observed wind directions across different wind speed levels, with most deviations falling within the range of 0° to 20° . Under different wind direction conditions, the wind speed deviation during precipitation is relatively larger for winds in the southwesterly azimuthal direction, otherwise relatively stable; the wind direction accuracy in all wind directions during the non-precipitation period is significantly better than that during the precipitation period, but consistently lower for winds in the easterly azimuthal direction.

Key words：ERA5 reanalysis data; reliability; 100 m wind field; floating wind measurement lidar

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