【海洋可再生能源专刊】| 海洋能-海洋牧场耦合系统研究进展与展望
论文导读与观点概要
在能源转型与生态文明建设的双重驱动下,海洋能开发与海洋牧场建设的融合发展已成为全球战略共识。本文系统综述了海上风电、潮汐能、波浪能和潮流能四大海洋能技术的进展、商业化现状及其生态影响,并深入探讨了二者融合的现状、挑战与未来方向。
研究表明,海洋能基础设施可发挥类似人工鱼礁的生态增值效应,提升生物多样性和碳汇能力,但也面临噪声污染、栖息地碎片化等生态挑战。与此同时,海洋牧场建设已进入生态化、智能化新阶段,在生境重构、资源增殖、智能装备与低碳技术等方面不断创新。
国内外实践证明,海洋能与海洋牧场的融合模式能有效实现空间复用、功能互补、生态增益与产业增值。例如,海上风电基础可为贝藻类提供附着基质;潮流能装置基座能形成小型生态群落;波浪能则可为深远海牧场提供稳定清洁电力。文章通过图例展示了多种融合平台的概念与实例,包括图1(海洋牧场示意图)、图2(海上风电与海洋牧场融合平台)、图3(英国20 MW潮汐能发电装置)、图4(温岭江厦潮汐试验电站)、图5(波浪能与海洋牧场融合平台)以及图6(SR2000漂浮式水轮机)。
未来,该领域的发展核心在于深化多能协同与智慧管控。需重点突破多能互补技术、智能装备集成与生态友好设计,以推动“水上发电、水下养鱼、生态修复”三位一体的海洋综合利用模式,为蓝色经济可持续发展提供强有力的科技支撑。
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基本结论
海洋能-海洋牧场耦合系统作为海洋空间立体化、生态化、智慧化开发的前沿模式,代表了协调能源安全、粮食安全与生态安全的重要战略方向。当前,国内外在风渔融合、潮汐能-牧场协同、波浪能供电网箱和潮流能驱动养殖平台等方向已涌现出诸多成功示范项目,验证了技术可行性与生态经济潜力。然而,噪声污染、栖息地改变、水文扰动等生态挑战仍需深入研究和有效管控。融合模式的规模化、商业化应用也面临着成本优化、多能协同和深远海运维等技术瓶颈。推动海洋能-海洋牧场耦合系统的研究与产业化,不仅是开发蓝色国土、保障能源与食物供给的关键路径,更是践行生态文明理念、实现海洋经济绿色低碳可持续发展的必然选择。随着核心技术的持续突破以及政策支持力度的加大,这一创新模式有望成为引领全球海洋资源综合利用的新范式,为构建人海和谐共生的未来奠定坚实基础。

本文引用格式:黄硕, 朱文逸, 王凯, 等. 海洋能-海洋牧场耦合系统研究进展与展望[J]. 海洋工程, 2026, 44(2): 22-37. (HUANG Shuo, ZHU Wenyi, WANG Kai, et al. Research progress and prospects of coupled ocean energy-marine aquaculture systems[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2026, 44(2): 22-37. (in Chinese))
作者简介:黄硕

围绕南海能源利用与“蓝色粮仓”的国家战略需求,针对海洋波浪能、风能和海洋牧场装备的水动力学前沿问题,以“基础理论-关键技术-装备研制”为研发链条开展创新性研究。对风-浪联合利用装备开展气动-水动-结构-机电-系泊多物理场全耦合研究;针对深远海养殖存在的恶劣海况安全保障性低和无法多品种立体式养殖的痛点问题,研发了全国首座基于分布式可折叠自主升降网箱的6万立方智能化养殖平台“珠海琴”,已建造下水,实现了产业化应用。近五年,在国内外知名期刊和国际会议上发表论文60多篇,其中一作/通讯发表在行业顶刊Energy,Renewable Energy,Ocean Engineering,Aquacultural Engineering 等SCI/EI论文30余篇,授权国际/国内专利19项,软著/标准3项。主持国家自然科学基金面上项目1项,国家重点研发计划项目子课题3项,广东省自然资源厅、广东省自然基金及省重点实验等省部级项目4项,产学研项目10余项,经费合计1300余万元。担任IEEE PES海洋能分委会常务理事,《水动力研究与进展》《Journal of Hydrodynamic》《海洋工程》期刊编委,《Frontiers in Energy Research》 Review Editor,中国船舶力学学术委员会委员,中国造船工程学会女科学家委员会委员,广东省现代农业共性关键技术创新团队专题专家,荣获2019年广东省技术发明一等奖,2024年中国造船工程学会科技进步二等奖。
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END
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