《海洋预报》| 基于数值模拟耦合WQI水质评价的研究：以辽东湾北部河口海域为例

摘要：以辽东湾北部河口海域为典型案例，采用 MIKE3构建三维水动力-水生态模型，分析该海域2020年的水动力变化及各项水质指标的分布特征，并耦合综合水质指数法（WQI）对该海域水质进行综合评价。结果表明：模型能够较好地复演该海域水动力状况及物质的输运过程，叶绿素a浓度的分布特征表现为春季最低、夏季最高，溶解氧浓度夏季低于春秋两季，无机氮浓度春秋季较高、夏季较低，无机磷浓度秋季最高、春季最低。辽东湾北部海域的WQI波动范围为61.07～92.86，季节变化趋势表现为春季>秋季>夏季。

关键词：辽东湾河口海域 数值模拟 生态模型 污染物输运 水质评价

Abstract：In this study, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecological model for the estuarine waters of the northern Liaodong Bay was constructed using MIKE3 as a typical case to analyze the hydrodynamic changes and distribution characteristics of various water quality indexes in 2020, and a comprehensive evaluation of the water quality in the area was conducted with the aid of a comprehensive water quality index (WQI) method. The results show that the model can reproduce the hydrodynamic conditions and transport of substances in the area. Specifically, the chlorophyll-a concentration is the lowest in spring and the highest in summer, the dissolved oxygen concentration is higher in spring than in summer and autumn, the inorganic nitrogen concentration is higher in spring and autumn, and lower in summer, and the inorganic phosphorus concentration is the highest in autumn and the lowest in spring. The value of WQI ranges from 92.86 to 61.07 in the northern Liaodong Bay, with a feature of spring>autumn>summer. The proposed method provides a replicable regional example for solving the problem of water quality monitoring in estuarine coastal zones.

Key words：Liaodong Bay estuary; numerical simulation; ecological model; pollutant transport; water quality assessment

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