【论文推荐】| 水波中新型防波堤内亥姆霍兹共振的模拟研究
论文导读与观点概要
一、研究背景与目的
随着海洋经济的发展,波浪对海洋工程结构物的破坏成为亟待解决的关键问题。受声学亥姆霍兹共鸣器的启发,将亥姆霍兹共振原理引入水波领域设计新型防波堤,已成为提升消波能力的有效手段。本研究旨在基于势流理论和时域高阶边界元方法,建立二维完全非线性数值模型,深入探究两类新型防波堤——普通亥姆霍兹防波堤(模型C)与离岸式亥姆霍兹型振荡水柱(H-OWC)防波堤(模型B)的水动力性能。研究重点在于验证数值模型捕捉亥姆霍兹共振的准确性,并分析开口长度、吃水、腔体宽度及模型总长度等关键参数对共振频率及消波效果的影响,同时利用布洛赫能带理论预测共振频带,为新型防波堤的优化设计提供理论依据。
二、研究方法
三、主要结果
四、结论
通过数值模拟对新型防波堤的亥姆霍兹共振问题进行了深入研究。基于势流理论和高阶边界元方法,建立了二维完全非线性数值模型,并在防波堤前一定区域和气室内水面边界处引入人工黏性阻尼系数,以模拟波浪与防波堤的相互作用。进行了网格收敛性分析,并通过与已发表的模型B和模型C试验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的准确性。通过设计4组工况,结合布洛赫能带理论,分析了模型C不同开口长度、吃水、腔体宽度和模型总长度的影响,并与模型A和模型B进行对比,得到以下结论:
亥姆霍兹共振不同于布拉格共振,可以发生在单个结构中。给定周期长度方法,适用于无限均匀阵列的布洛赫能带理论,可以很好地预测单个结构中亥姆霍兹共振发生的波浪频率范围,为设计相应的防波堤提供参考。
由于文中只通过布洛赫能带理论预测模型C的共振带,并未对模型B的共振带进行预测,其设计参数可能导致共振频率与入射波频率范围错开,在文中工况并未发现明显的共振现象。透射系数随kh减小而增大。但模型B可以吸收波能,降低波浪的反射和透射,在不同模型参数工况下反射系数和透射系数均低于模型A。在共振频率附近,模型C的透射系数均小于模型A和模型B,拥有更好的消波效果。在低于共振主频的频率范围内,模型C失去消波能力,导致透射系数显著增加,可以通过与模型B或其他防波堤结合提升共振区域外的消波能力;或者利用彩虹陷波[
随着开口长度的减小和吃水的加深以及腔体宽度的增大,亥姆霍兹共振频率向低频移动。其中吃水的加深,提高了波浪进入腔体内部的难度,从而减小共振发生的频率范围;腔体宽度的增大,除了原先能够发生共振的频率范围外,还使得结构能够响应更低频的波浪,从而扩大了共振发生的频率范围;而模型总长度的改变不影响共振频率,只会改变其自身的挡水效果,模型总长度增大,波浪的透射减小,但是这种提升十分有限。
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本文引用格式:张煜航, 徐进, 宁德志. 水波中新型防波堤内亥姆霍兹共振的模拟研究[J]. 海洋工程, 2026, 44(3): 110-123. (ZHANG Yuhang, XU Jin, NING Dezhi. Numerical investigation on Helmholtz resonance within a novel breakwater in water waves[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2026, 44(3): 110-123. (in Chinese))
通信作者简介:宁德志

宁德志,教授、博士生导师。现担任海岸与海洋工程全国重点实验室主任、辽宁省海洋产业技术创新研究院副院长,主要从事海洋工程水动力学及海洋可再生能源转化方面的研究工作。
国家优秀青年基金获得者、辽宁省优秀科技工作者、Elsevier中国高被引学者和斯坦福全球前2%顶级科学家,入选国家高层次人才、教育部新世纪优秀人才计划、辽宁省“百千万人才工程”百层次、辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”科技创新领军人才、辽宁省首届优秀研究生导师、大连理工大学“星海学者”杰青层次等。兼任国际期刊《Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineering - Maritime Engineering》、《Journal of Hydrodynamics》、 《China Ocean Engineering》、《Frontiers in Energy Research》等副主编、《Ocean Engineering》、《Applied Ocean Research》、《Oceans》和《Journal of Marine Science and Application》等编委,国际离岸和极地工程师协会(ISOPE)技术委员会委员、亚太地区近海工程会议常务委员、中国可再生能源学会海洋能专委会副主任委员,中国长江三峡集团科学技术委员会新能源专委,中英海洋能合作研讨会(2015)、32nd IWWWFB(2017)、14th PACOMS(2020)、8th CoastLab(2020)、JCCME(2024)等国际学术会议主席。
主持国家重点研发计划项目、国家自然科学基金、教育部、辽宁省科技厅、英国皇家工程院等科研项目30余项。发表学术论文被SCI收录200余篇,Google Scholar引用6500余次。获海洋工程科学技术奖一、二等奖各二项、教育部自然科学二等奖二项、亚太近海工程会议突出贡献奖一项。
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