《海洋预报》| 南海北部台风及台风型海浪统计特征分析

发布时间：2026-08-17来源：国家海洋预报台

南海北部台风及台风型海浪统计特征分析

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读书小笔记

作者：张海燕^{1 2} 罗军^{1 2} 李希茜^{1 2} 姚小娟^{1 2} 张宇^{1 2}

单位：

1. 自然资源部南海预报减灾中心, 广东广州 510300;

2. 自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510310

分类号：P731.22;P444

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2026·43·第三期（56-65）

摘要：利用1949—2023年中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径数据集，从两类不同源地台风视角对南海北部台风活动特征进行统计分析。结果表明：两类台风在生成消亡时空规律、移动路径、移动速度、影响强度、影响时长及其季节变化特征等方面存在明显差异。利用欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代全球气候再分析数据集（ERA5）逐时有效波高资料，进一步分析了两类台风型海浪气候特征，讨论了海浪变化与台风活动的关系。结果显示：两类台风型海浪的有效波高均呈从东北向西南、从外海向近岸逐级递减的空间分布特征，其中移入性台风型海浪波高普遍偏大；台风型海浪波高与台风强度存在较好的线性拟合关系，且移入性台风影响下的拟合关系更好。

关键词：土台风移入性台风台风型海浪南海北部统计特征

Abstract：Using the best tropical cyclone(TC) track data of the China Meteorological Administration from 1949 to 2023, statistical characteristics of the TCs in the northern South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed for two types of TCs with different origin sources. Significant differences are studied in terms of genesis, disappearance, track, moving speed, intensity, duration and seasonal variations. Based on the hourly significant wave height(SWH) of the ERA5 datasets, the climatological characteristics of waves generated by the two types of TC are further analyzed, and the relationship between wave magnitudes and TC activities is discussed. The results show that waves of both types of TC exhibit similar spatial patterns with larger SWH in the northeast parts and open sea, smaller SWH in the southwest parts and nearshore waters. However, wave magnitudes of non-local TCs are generally larger. The wave magnitude and TC intensity exhibit a clear linear relationship for both types of TC, and the relationship is more significant for non-local TC.

Key words：local tropical cyclones; non-local tropical cyclones; TC waves; northern South China Sea; statistical characteristics