GBD 2023 | 全球37亿人受口腔疾病影响，病例数仍在增加

Declaration of interests

S Bhaskar reports grants or contracts from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI), Grant ID 23KF0126; and JSPS and the Australian Academy of Science, JSPS International Fellowship, Grant ID P23712; payment or honoraria from the Japan Stroke Society, Japan, for an invited keynote presentation at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Stroke Society, Osaka; and Semey Medical University, Kazakhstan, for an invited professorship and teaching course in neurocardiovascular therapy; support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from the Japan Stroke Society, Japan; travel award for invited keynote presentation at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Stroke Society, Osaka, and Asialink, The University of Melbourne; travel support for opening invited keynote at the 31st Asialink Leaders Foundation Week Program 2026, Melbourne; leadership or fiduciary role in Rotary District 9675, Sydney, Australia (District Chair, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging); Global Health & Migration Hub Community, Global Health Hub Germany, Berlin, Germany (Chair, Founding Member and Manager); PLOS One, BMC Neurology, Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers in Stroke, Frontiers in Public Health, Journal of Aging Research, Neurology International, Diagnostics, and BMC Medical Research Methodology (Editorial Board Member); College of Reviewers, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Government of Canada (Member); World Headache Society, Bengaluru, India (Director of Research); Cariplo Foundation, Milan, Italy (Expert Adviser/Reviewer); National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, Suita, Osaka, Japan (Visiting Director); Cardiff University Biobank, Cardiff, UK (Member, Scientific Review Committee); Rotary Reconciliation Action Plan (Chair); and Japan Connect, Osaka, Japan (Healthcare and Medical Adviser) outside the submitted work. B Goulart reports stock or stock options in Badger Meter Inc, British American Tobacco, and Altria Group (payments made to B Goulart) outside the submitted work. I Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (grant number 451-03-137/2025-03/200110). K Krishan acknowledges non-financial support from the UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, awarded to the Department of Anthropology, and RUSA 2.O grant awarded by the Indian Ministry of Education to Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. G La Rosa reports grants or contracts from the Knowledge•Action•Change Tobacco Harm Reduction Programme, an independent public health organisation based in the UK and funded by Global Action to End Smoking, a US-based independent non-profit 501(c)(3) grant-making organization (G La Rosa was awarded a 2026 scholarship for a project focused on oral health; G La Rosa previously received funding through the same programme in 2024–25 for an additional oral health-related project; the content of the present paper is unrelated to those projects), outside the submitted work. M-C Li reports grants or contracts from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 113-2314-B-003-002) and the Higher Education Sprout Project of National Taiwan Normal University (M-C Li was supported by these grants); and leadership or fiduciary role as Technical Editor, Journal of the American Heart Association, outside the submitted work. K S-K Ma reports support for the present manuscript and grants or contracts from the International Team for Implantology. S Masi reports grants or contracts from Italian Ministry of University, Italian National Research Council, and Italian Ministry of Health (institutional grants for the conduction of research projects); consulting fees from Servier (personal payments for consultancy activities); payment or honoraria from Servier (personal honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, and educational events); support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Servier (personal support for attending congresses); participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board from Servier (personal payments for participation on advisory boards); and leadership or fiduciary role in European Society of Hypertension, Working Group of Hypertension and the Heart (Vice-President, unpaid), and Italian Society of Internal Medicine (President of the Tuscany-Umbria section, unpaid) outside the submitted work. R Moreira reports grants or contracts from CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development), Research Productivity Scholarship, registration number 308986/2025-3 (R Moreira is a research productivity fellow; R Moreira would like to mention the acknowledgment of this grant and its number in the Article, as it is also related to research using GBD), outside the submitted work. B Oancea reports support for the present manuscript from the Romanian National Research, Development, and Innovation Plan 2022–27, project PNRR/2022/C9/MCID/I8 number 1672173292, contract number 760231; and PNRR/2022/C9/MCID/I8 project 842027778, contract number 760096. S Panda reports support for the present manuscript from Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University; payment of salary); grants or contracts from Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), Government of India (file number 17-59/2023-24, as Co-Investigator); and Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Government of India (file number HS/RC/393, as Principal Investigator) outside the submitted work. G D Panos reports payment or honoraria from Thea, Roche, and Bayer (payments made to their institution); and support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Thea, Roche, and Bayer (payments made to the organising agency of the event) outside the submitted work. P Pietkiewicz reports payment or honoraria from Heine Optotechnik, Dermatological Society of South Africa, Fotofinder Systems, Akademia Dermatoskopii, Polpharma, Galderma, Melanoma Society South Africa, and Primary Care Dermatological Society (UK); leadership or fiduciary role in Polish Dermatoscopy Group (President) and EADV Honors and Award Committee (Member); receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts, or other services from Heine Optotechnik; and other financial or non-financial interests in SkinSkan (shareholder), outside the submitted work. A Riad reports support for the present manuscript from the Czech Health Research Council (project number: NW26J-09-00120). S Saleem reports support for the present manuscript from Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan, outside the submitted work. B Schaarschmidt reports grants or contracts from Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation (research grant), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (research grant), and PharmaCept (research grant); payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca (speaker), Boston Scientific (speaker/ proctor), and MedMile (speaker); and support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Bayer (travel grant), outside the submitted work. L Silva reports grants or contracts from SPRINT – Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Portugal, FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology), grant numbers UID/06185/2025, UID/PRR/06185/2025, and UID/PRR2/06185/2025; and RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, outside the submitted work. J A Singh reports consulting fees from ROMTech, Atheneum, Clearview Healthcare Partners, Yale, Hulio, Horizon Pharmaceuticals/DINORA, ANI/Exeltis USA, SOBI Pharmaceuticals, Frictionless Solutions, Schipher, Crealta/ Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two Labs, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, and Practice Point Communications; the US National Institutes of Health; and the American College of Rheumatology (consultant fees paid to J A Singh for each entity); payment or honoraria from Simply Speaking (speakers bureau; J A Singh previously served as a consultant and consultant fees were paid to J A Singh); support for attending meetings or travel, or both, as past steering committee member of OMERACT (J A Singh previously received support from the organisation to attend their meeting every 2 years); participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with the US Food & Drug Administration Arthritis Advisory Committee (J A Singh served previously as a member; no financial support); leadership or fiduciary role as past steering committee member of OMERACT, an international organisation that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm’s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies (J A Singh previously received support from the organisation to attend their meeting every 2 years); and stock or stock options in aTyr Pharmaceuticals, Atai Life Sciences, Kintara Therapeutics, Intelligent Biosolutions, Acumen Pharmaceutical, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Aytu BioPharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics, Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp, Aebona Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte’s Web Holdings (J A Singh owns stock options; J A Singh previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna Pharmaceuticals), outside the submitted work. S Singh reports grants or contracts from the DTRA Biological Threat Reduction Program (HDTRA1-21-1–0036), Indian Council of Medical Research (VIR/12/2022/ECD-1), and Institute of Eminence (IoE), Banaras Hindu University (seed grant and transdisciplinary research grant; the laboratory of S Singh was partially supported by these grants), outside the submitted work. J Zhao reports support for the present manuscript from Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2024BSSXM20); Zhejiang University Qiushi Flying Eagle Program; Key Laboratory of Integrated Care for Geriatric Chronic Diseases, Kunming Medical University, School of Nursing, and the Yunnan Provincial Education Department (grant number 2024HTHLYB05); and Doctoral Student Special Program of the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) Young Talent Support Project. M Zielińska reports financial or non-financial interests as an Alexion AstraZeneca Rare Disease employee, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.